Insulation refers to the materials used to reduce heat transfer between the inside and outside of a building. Insulation helps to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature, reduce energy consumption, and lower heating and cooling costs. It can be installed in walls, floors, and ceilings, and is available in various forms, such as batts, rolls, or spray foam. Common insulation materials include fiberglass, cellulose, mineral wool, and foam boards. Insulation effectiveness is measured by its R-value, which indicates its thermal resistance. A higher R-value means better insulation performance. Proper insulation installation is important to ensure that there are no gaps or voids, which can reduce the effectiveness of the insulation. Well-insulated buildings are more energy-efficient and can lead to significant cost savings for homeowners and building owners.